Hbase常用操作及样例,Hbase常用操作样例
Hbase常用操作及样例(1)创建hbase表可以使用命令创建一个表,在这里必须指定表名和列族名。在HBase shell中创建表的语法如下所示。create '<table name>','<column family>' 示例下面给出的是一个表名为emp的样本模式。它有两个列族:“personal data”和“professional data”。| Row key | personal data | professional data |
hbase(main):001:0> create 'emp','personal data','professional data'
0 row(s) in 1.4790 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - emp(2)检测hbase表是否存在HBase Exists可以使用exists命令验证表的存在。下面的示例演示了如何使用这个命令。hbase(main):002:0> exists 'emp'
Table emp does exist
0 row(s) in 0.1230 seconds(3)HBase表描述和修改1)描述该命令返回表的说明。它的语法如下:hbase> describe 'table name'下面给出的是对emp表的 describe 命令的输出。hbase(main):003:0> desc 'emp'
Table emp is ENABLED
emp
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'personal data', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE
=> '0'}
{NAME => 'professional data', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_S
COPE => '0'}
2 row(s) in 0.0430 seconds2)修改alter用于更改现有表的命令。使用此命令可以更改列族的单元,设定最大数量和删除表范围运算符,并从表中删除列家族。更改列族单元格的最大数目下面给出的语法来改变列家族单元的最大数目。hbase> alter 'emp', NAME => 'personal data', VERSIONS => 5在下面的例子中,单元的最大数目设置为5。hbase(main):004:0> alter 'emp', NAME => 'personal data', VERSIONS => 5
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 1.9390 seconds
hbase(main):005:0> desc 'emp'
Table emp is ENABLED
emp
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'personal data', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '5', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE
=> '0'}
{NAME => 'professional data', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_S
COPE => '0'}
2 row(s) in 0.0240 seconds3)删除列族使用alter,也可以删除列族。下面给出的是使用alter删除列族的语法。hbase> alter ‘ table name ’, ‘delete’ => ‘ column family ’ 下面给出的是一个例子,从“emp”表中删除列族。假设在HBase中有一个emp表。它包含以下数据:hbase(main):005:0> desc 'emp'
Table emp is ENABLED
emp
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'personal data', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '5', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE
=> '0'}
{NAME => 'professional data', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_S
COPE => '0'}
2 row(s) in 0.0240 seconds现在使用alter命令删除指定的 personal data 列族。hbase(main):007:0> alter 'emp','delete' => 'personal data'
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 1.9460 seconds现在验证该表中变更后的数据。观察列族“personal data”也没有了,因为前面已经被删除了。hbase(main):008:0> desc 'emp'
Table emp is ENABLED
emp
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'professional data', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_S
COPE => '0'}
1 row(s) in 0.0270 seconds4)用drop命令可以删除表。在删除一个表之前必须先将其禁用。hbase(main):016:0> drop 'emp'
ERROR: Table emp is enabled. Disable it first.
Here is some help for this command:
Drop the named table. Table must first be disabled:
hbase> drop 't1'
hbase> drop 'ns1:t1'
hbase(main):017:0>
hbase(main):018:0> disable 'emp'0 row(s) in 1.4580 secondshbase(main):019:0> drop 'emp'0 row(s) in 0.3060 seconds
使用exists 命令验证表是否被删除。
hbase(main):020:0> exists 'emp'Table emp does not exist0 row(s) in 0.0730 seconds5)drop_all 这个命令是用来在给出删除匹配“regex”表。它的语法如下:hbase> drop_all 't.*' 注意:要删除表,则必须先将其禁用。示例假设有一些表的名称如下:hbase(main):079:0> list 'test0.*'
TABLE
test001
test010
test011
3 row(s) in 0.0100 seconds
=> ["test001", "test010", "test011"]所有这些表以字母test0开始。首先使用disable_all命令禁用所有这些表如下所示。
hbase(main):080:0> disable_all 'test0.*'
test001
test010
test011
Disable the above 3 tables (y/n)?
y
3 tables successfully disabled 现在,可以使用 drop_all 命令删除它们,如下所示。hbase(main):081:0> drop_all 'test0.*'
test001
test010
test011
Drop the above 3 tables (y/n)?
y
3 tables successfully disabled(4) 介绍如何在HBase表中创建的数据。要在HBase表中创建的数据,可以下面的命令和方法:- put 命令,
- add() - Put类的方法
- put() - HTable 类的方法.
1)使用put命令,可以插入行到一个表。它的语法如下:put '<table name>','row1','<colfamily:colname>','<value>'插入第一行将第一行的值插入到emp表如下所示。
hbase(main):005:0> put 'emp','1','personal data:name','raju'
0 row(s) in 0.6600 seconds
hbase(main):006:0> put 'emp','1','personal data:city','hyderabad'
0 row(s) in 0.0410 seconds
hbase(main):007:0> put 'emp','1','professional data:designation','manager'
0 row(s) in 0.0240 seconds
hbase(main):007:0> put 'emp','1','professional data:salary','50000'
0 row(s) in 0.0240 seconds以相同的方式使用put命令插入剩余的行。如果插入完成整个表格,会得到下面的输出。hbase(main):033:0> scan 'emp'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
1 column=personal data:city, timestamp=1526107123317, value=hyderabad
1 column=personal data:name, timestamp=1526107114531, value=raju
1 column=professional data:designation, timestamp=1526107149015, value=manager
1 column=professional data:salary, timestamp=1526107161142, value=50000
1 row(s) in 0.0420 seconds2)可以使用put命令更新现有的单元格值。按照下面的语法,并注明新值,如下图所示。put 'table name','row ','Column family:column name','new value'新给定值替换现有的值,并更新该行。示例假设HBase中有一个表emp拥有下列数据hbase(main):038:0> scan 'emp'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
1 column=personal data:city, timestamp=1526107123317, value=hyderabad
1 column=personal data:name, timestamp=1526107114531, value=raju
1 column=professional data:designation, timestamp=1526107149015, value=manager
1 column=professional data:salary, timestamp=1526107161142, value=50000
1 row(s) in 0.0190 seconds以下命令将更新名为“Raju'员工的城市值为'Delhi'。hbase(main):039:0> put 'emp','1','personal data:name','Delhi'
0 row(s) in 0.0050 seconds更新后的表如下所示,观察这个城市Raju的值已更改为“Delhi”。hbase(main):040:0> scan 'emp'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
1 column=personal data:city, timestamp=1526107123317, value=hyderabad
1 column=personal data:name, timestamp=1526107469019, value=Delhi
1 column=professional data:designation, timestamp=1526107149015, value=manager
1 column=professional data:salary, timestamp=1526107161142, value=50000
1 row(s) in 0.0120 seconds3)get命令和HTable类的get()方法用于从HBase表中读取数据。使用 get 命令,可以同时获取一行数据。它的语法如下:get '<table name>','row1'下面的例子说明如何使用get命令。扫描emp表的第一行。hbase(main):041:0> get 'emp','1'
COLUMN CELL
personal data:city timestamp=1526107123317, value=hyderabad
personal data:name timestamp=1526107469019, value=Delhi
professional data:designation timestamp=1526107149015, value=manager
professional data:salary timestamp=1526107161142, value=50000
4 row(s) in 0.0370 seconds
hbase(main):043:0> scan 'emp'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
1 column=personal data:city, timestamp=1526107123317, value=hyderabad
1 column=personal data:name, timestamp=1526107469019, value=Delhi
1 column=professional data:designation, timestamp=1526107149015, value=manager
1 column=professional data:salary, timestamp=1526107161142, value=50000
1 row(s) in 0.0230 seconds4)读取指定列下面给出的是语法,使用get方法读取指定列。hbase>get 'table name', 'rowid', {COLUMN => 'column family:column name'}下面给出的示例,是用于读取HBase表中的特定列。hbase(main):044:0> get 'emp', '1', {COLUMN=>'personal data:name'}
COLUMN CELL
personal data:name timestamp=1526107469019, value=Delhi
1 row(s) in 0.0110 seconds5)从表删除特定单元格使用 delete 命令,可以在一个表中删除特定单元格。 delete 命令的语法如下:delete '<table name>', '<row>', '<column name >', '<time stamp>'下面是一个删除特定单元格和例子。在这里,我们删除salaryhbase(main):043:0> scan 'emp'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
1 column=personal data:city, timestamp=1526107123317, value=hyderabad
1 column=personal data:name, timestamp=1526107469019, value=Delhi
1 column=professional data:designation, timestamp=1526107149015, value=manager
1 column=professional data:salary, timestamp=1526107161142, value=50000
1 row(s) in 0.0230 seconds
hbase(main):044:0> get 'emp', '1', {COLUMN=>'personal data:name'}
COLUMN CELL
personal data:name timestamp=1526107469019, value=Delhi
1 row(s) in 0.0110 seconds
hbase(main):045:0> delete 'emp', '1', 'personal data:city'
0 row(s) in 0.0470 seconds
hbase(main):046:0> scan 'emp'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
1 column=personal data:name, timestamp=1526107469019, value=Delhi
1 column=professional data:designation, timestamp=1526107149015, value=manager
1 column=professional data:salary, timestamp=1526107161142, value=50000
1 row(s) in 0.0210 seconds6)删除表的所有单元格使用“deleteall”命令,可以删除一行中所有单元格。下面给出是 deleteall 命令的语法。deleteall '<table name>', '<row>',这里是使用“deleteall”命令删去 emp 表 row1 的所有单元的一个例子。hbase(main):047:0> deleteall 'emp','1'
0 row(s) in 0.0150 seconds
使用scan命令验证表。表被删除后的快照如下。
hbase(main):048:0> scan 'emp'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
0 row(s) in 0.0220 seconds(5)HBase扫描1)scan 命令用于查看HTable数据。使用 scan 命令可以得到表中的数据。它的语法如下:scan '<table name>'下面的示例演示了如何使用scan命令从表中读取数据。在这里读取的是emp表。scan 'emp'2)count 可以使用count命令计算表的行数量。它的语法如下:count ‘<table name>’ 表emp就只有1行。验证它,如下图所示。hbase(main):062:0> scan 'emp'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
1 column=personal data:city, timestamp=1526108340886, value=hyderabad
1 column=personal data:name, timestamp=1526108331176, value=raju
1 column=professional data:designation, timestamp=1526108351404, value=manager
1 column=professional data:salary, timestamp=1526108361753, value=50000
1 row(s) in 0.0160 seconds
hbase(main):063:0> count 'emp'
1 row(s) in 0.0060 seconds
=> 1增加两行之后,会变成3行。
hbase(main):064:0> put 'emp','2','professional data:designation','manager'
0 row(s) in 0.0080 seconds
hbase(main):065:0> put 'emp','3','professional data:designation','manager'
0 row(s) in 0.0570 seconds
hbase(main):066:0> count 'emp'
3 row(s) in 0.0180 seconds
=> 3
hbase(main):067:0> scan 'emp'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
1 column=personal data:city, timestamp=1526108340886, value=hyderabad
1 column=personal data:name, timestamp=1526108331176, value=raju
1 column=professional data:designation, timestamp=1526108351404, value=manager
1 column=professional data:salary, timestamp=1526108361753, value=50000
2 column=professional data:designation, timestamp=1526108497801, value=manager
3 column=professional data:designation, timestamp=1526108507588, value=manager
3 row(s) in 0.0090 seconds(6)runcate此命令将禁止删除并重新创建一个表。truncate 的语法如下:hbase> truncate 'table name'下面给出是 truncate 命令的例子。在这里,我们已经截断了emp表。hbase(main):067:0> scan 'emp'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
1 column=personal data:city, timestamp=1526108340886, value=hyderabad
1 column=personal data:name, timestamp=1526108331176, value=raju
1 column=professional data:designation, timestamp=1526108351404, value=manager
1 column=professional data:salary, timestamp=1526108361753, value=50000
2 column=professional data:designation, timestamp=1526108497801, value=manager
3 column=professional data:designation, timestamp=1526108507588, value=manager
3 row(s) in 0.0090 seconds
hbase(main):068:0> truncate 'emp'
Truncating 'emp' table (it may take a while):
- Disabling table...
- Truncating table...
0 row(s) in 3.4100 seconds截断表之后,使用scan 命令来验证。会得到表的行数为零。hbase(main):069:0> scan 'emp'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
0 row(s) in 0.1370 seconds(7) HBase安全我们可以授予和撤销HBase用户的权限。也有出于安全目的,三个命令:grant, revoke 和 user_permission.。1) grantgrant命令授予特定的权限,如读,写,执行和管理表给定一个特定的用户。 grant命令的语法如下:hbase> grant <user> <permissions> [<table> [<column family> [<column; qualifier>]]我们可以从RWXCA组,其中给予零个或多个特权给用户
- R - 代表读取权限
- W - 代表写权限
- X - 代表执行权限
- C - 代表创建权限
- A - 代表管理权限
2) revokerevoke命令用于撤销用户访问表的权限。它的语法如下:hbase> revoke <user>下面的代码撤消名为“Tutorialspoint”用户的所有权限。hbase(main):006:0> revoke 'Tutorialspoint'
3) user_permission此命令用于列出特定表的所有权限。 user_permission的语法如下:hbase>user_permission 'tablename'下面的代码列出了“emp”表的所有用户权限。hbase(main):013:0> user_permission 'emp'
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