Oracle之外键(Foreign Key)用法详解(二)- 级联删除(DELETE CASCADE),oraclecascade
Oracle外键(Foreign Key)之级联删除(DELETE CASCADE)
目标
示例讲解如何在Oracle外键中使用级联删除
什么是级联删除(DELETE CASCADE)?
级联删除是指当主表(parent table)中的一条记录被删除,子表中关联的记录也相应的自动删除。
外键的级联删除可以在创建表时定义,也可以使用ALTER TABLE语法定义。
创建表时定义级联删除
语法:
CREATE TABLE table_name
(
column1 datatype null/not null,
column2 datatype null/not null,
...
CONSTRAINT fk_column
FOREIGN KEY (column1,column2,...column_n)
REFERENCES parent_table (column1, column2,... column_n)
ON DELETE CASECADE
);
示例:
create table tb_supplier
(
supplier_id number not null,
supplier_name varchar2(50) not null,
contact_name varchar2(50),
CONSTRAINT pk_supplier PRIMARY KEY (supplier_id)
);
create table tb_products
(
product_id number not null,
product_name varchar2(100),
supplier_id number not null,
constraint fk_products_supplier
foreign key (supplier_id)
references tb_supplier(supplier_id)
on delete cascade
);
验证:
1) 向表中插入测试数据
--主表插入样例数据 insert into tb_supplier values (1,'microsoft','microsoft'); insert into tb_supplier values (2,'ibm','ibm'); insert into tb_supplier values (3,'linux','linux'); insert into tb_supplier values (4,'dell','dell'); insert into tb_supplier values (5,'lenovo','lenovo'); insert into tb_supplier values (6,'google','google'); --子表插入样例数据 insert into tb_products values (1,'windows',1); insert into tb_products values (2,'office',1); insert into tb_products values (3,'informatica',2); insert into tb_products values (4,'congos',2); insert into tb_products values (5,'ubuntu',3); insert into tb_products values (6,'centos',3); insert into tb_products values (7,'inspiration',4); insert into tb_products values (8,'thinkpad',5); insert into tb_products values (9,'y410p',5); insert into tb_products values (10,'android',6); insert into tb_products values (11,'chrome',6); insert into tb_products values (12,'hadoop',6); --提交 commit;
2) 删除主表supplier_id=1的数据,并验证子表中相关联的数据是否被删除
--删除主表数据 delete from tb_supplier where supplier_id=1; --提交 commit; --验证子表数据是否被删除 select * from tb_products;
3) 从上面的结果可以看出,相关联的外键记录已经被级联删除。
使用ALTER TABLE语法定义级联删除
语法:
ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name
FOREIGN KEY (column1, column2,... column_n)
REFERENCES parent_table (column1, column2, ... column_n)
ON DELETE CASCADE;
示例:
1) 删除之前的样例表
--删除之前的样例表 drop table tb_products; drop table tb_supplier;
2) 重建之前的样例表
--重建样例表 create table tb_supplier ( supplier_id number not null, supplier_name varchar2(50) not null, contact_name varchar2(50), CONSTRAINT pk_supplier PRIMARY KEY (supplier_id) ); create table tb_products ( product_id number not null, product_name varchar2(100), supplier_id number not null );
3) 为表增加外键
alter table tb_products
add constraint fk_products_supplier
foreign key(supplier_id)
references tb_supplier(supplier_id)
on delete cascade;
4) 插入样例数据
--主表插入样例数据 insert into tb_supplier values (1,'microsoft','microsoft'); insert into tb_supplier values (2,'ibm','ibm'); insert into tb_supplier values (3,'linux','linux'); insert into tb_supplier values (4,'dell','dell'); insert into tb_supplier values (5,'lenovo','lenovo'); insert into tb_supplier values (6,'google','google'); --子表插入样例数据 insert into tb_products values (1,'windows',1); insert into tb_products values (2,'office',1); insert into tb_products values (3,'informatica',2); insert into tb_products values (4,'congos',2); insert into tb_products values (5,'ubuntu',3); insert into tb_products values (6,'centos',3); insert into tb_products values (7,'inspiration',4); insert into tb_products values (8,'thinkpad',5); insert into tb_products values (9,'y410p',5); insert into tb_products values (10,'android',6); insert into tb_products values (11,'chrome',6); insert into tb_products values (12,'hadoop',6); --提交 commit;
5) 测试级联删除
--删除主表数据 delete from tb_supplier where supplier_id=1; --提交 commit;
6) 验证:
--验证子表数据是否被删除 select * from tb_products;
7) 从上面的结果可以看出,相关联的外键记录已经被级联删除。
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如果您们在尝试的过程中遇到什么问题或者我的代码有错误的地方,请给予指正,非常感谢!
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先把原来带删除级联的外键删掉,重新创建带No Delete Set Null的外键。
例如:
alter table Emp drop constraint FK_Emp;
alter table Emp add constraint FK_Emp foreign key (DEPTNO)
references Dept (DEPTNO) on delete set null;
两种方法,个人建议你选择方法一,简单方便
方法一:触发器解决(下面的代码可以不用修改,copy直接用)
create or replace trigger delete_dept
before delete on DEPT
for each row
begin
delete from EMP where DEPT_NO = :old.DEPT_NO;
delete from POS where DEPT_NO = :old.DEPT_NO;
end;
/
方法二:修改你的外键设置,达到级联删除的目的,具体实现如下:
a)先查询出EMP表和POS表中 外键的名称(如果你知道 外键名这一步可以省略)
select CONSTRAINT_NAME,TABLE_NAME from user_constraints where CONSTRAINT_TYPE ='R' and TABLE_NAME in('EMP','POS');
b)删除EMP表和POS表上的外键后 重新建立允许级联删除的外键模式
alter table EMP drop constraint 外键名;
alter table POS drop constraint 外键名;
alter table EMP add constraint 外键名 foreign key(DEPT_NO) references DEPT(DEPT_NO) on delete cascade;
alter table POS add constraint 外键名 foreign key(DEPT_NO) references DEPT(DEPT_NO) on delete cascade;
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以上,希望对你有所帮助。