配置静态监听解决ORA-12514错误的案例，ora-12514案

配置静态监听解决ORA-12514错误的案例，ora-12514案例

今天做Linux下DG配置的时候，遇到一个现象，tnsname.ora文件配置都正常，tnsping也正常，监听也正常，但是仍然报ORA-12514错误：
SQL> set lin 130 pages 130  SQL> select dest_id,error from v$archive_dest;
   DEST_ID ERROR ---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------          1          2 ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service            requested in connect descriptor
         3          4          5          6          7          8          9         10
--查看主库监听 SQL> !lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:31:46
Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production Start Date                08-OCT-2014 10:34:51 Uptime                    0 days 1 hr. 56 min. 54 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521)))   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0))) Services Summary... Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "prd" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "prdXDB" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "prd_XPT" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
--tnsnames.ora文件内容 # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =   (DESCRIPTION =     (ADDRESS_LIST =       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))     )     (CONNECT_DATA =       (SID = PLSExtProc)       (PRESENTATION = RO)     )   )
PRD =   (DESCRIPTION =     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prd)(PORT = 1521))     (CONNECT_DATA =       (SERVER = DEDICATED)       (SERVICE_NAME = prd)     )   )
STD =   (DESCRIPTION =     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521))     (CONNECT_DATA =       (SERVER = DEDICATED)       (SERVICE_NAME = prd)     )   )
--主库tnsping测试网络服务名是否正常 SQL> !tnsping prd
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:32:35
Copyright (c) 1997,  2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prd)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prd))) OK (10 msec)
SQL> !tnsping std
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:32:43
Copyright (c) 1997,  2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prd))) OK (20 msec)
--查看备库监听 [oracle@std ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:29:52
Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production Start Date                08-OCT-2014 09:41:41 Uptime                    0 days 2 hr. 48 min. 11 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521)))   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0))) Services Summary... Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "std" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "std_XPT" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
--查看备库远程归档路径 SQL> set lin 130 pages 130  SQL> col error for a20
SQL> select dest_id,error,status from v$archive_dest;
   DEST_ID ERROR                STATUS ---------- -------------------- ---------          1                      VALID          2                      VALID          3                      INACTIVE          4                      INACTIVE          5                      INACTIVE          6                      INACTIVE          7                      INACTIVE          8                      INACTIVE          9                      INACTIVE         10                      INACTIVE         11                      VALID
--备库tnsping测试网络服务器名是否正常 SQL> !tnsping prd
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:39:40
Copyright (c) 1997,  2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prd)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prd))) OK (20 msec)
SQL> !tnsping std
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:39:44
Copyright (c) 1997,  2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prd))) OK (10 msec)
tnsping测试下来也都是通的，这就比较奇怪了，但是ORA-12514错误很明显是指监听方面的问题，导致服务名无法解析，由于主备库采用的是同一个实例名，因此两边的instance_name用的都是prd，乍一看好像很正常，但是解析确实出现了问题，那么怎么办呢？
之前仅仅只是给服务器配置了一个动态监听，内容如下：
--主库监听listener.ora # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =   (SID_LIST =     (SID_DESC =       (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)       (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)       (PROGRAM = extproc)     )   )
LISTENER =   (DESCRIPTION_LIST =     (DESCRIPTION =       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prd)(PORT = 1521))       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))     )   )
--主库监听listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =   (SID_LIST =     (SID_DESC =       (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)       (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)       (PROGRAM = extproc)     )   )
LISTENER =   (DESCRIPTION_LIST =     (DESCRIPTION =       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521))       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))     )   )
可以看到，区别仅仅是主机名不同而已，一个是prd，另一个是std，静态监听并未配置，即SID_LIST_LISTENER这一项里面的栏目，那么现在为主备库都配置一个监听。静态监听可以用netmgr配置，这里为了方便，不再进入图形界面执行该命令，而是直接通过修改listener.ora文件来达到目的，其效果是一样的，在原来的listener.ora文件中的SID_LIST_LISTENER中添加如下内容（红色部分）：
SID_LIST_LISTENER =   (SID_LIST =    (SID_DESC =       (GLOBAL_DBNAME = prd)       (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)       (SID_NAME = prd)     )     (SID_DESC =       (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)       (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)       (PROGRAM = extproc)     )   )
LISTENER =   (DESCRIPTION_LIST =     (DESCRIPTION =       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521))       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))     )   )
注意，加上的内容中，SID_NAME，即instance_name，而GLOBAL_DBNAME，即tnsnames.ora中的SERVICE_NAME，由于tnsnames.ora中的SERVICE_NAME都是prd，因此这里的两个名字是一样的，不会有什么影响，把修改好的文件替换掉原文件，再重新加载监听文件
SQL> ! [oracle@prd ~]$ lsnrctl reload
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:55:17
Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521))) The command completed successfully [oracle@prd ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:55:24
Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production Start Date                08-OCT-2014 10:34:51 Uptime                    0 days 2 hr. 20 min. 33 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521)))   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0))) Services Summary... Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "prd" has 2 instance(s).   Instance "prd", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...   Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "prdXDB" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "prd_XPT" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [oracle@prd ~]$ 
注意，这个UNKNOW的prd实例对应的服务名prd就是刚才我们通过静态监听发现的服务名，同那样地，备库也重新加载监听：
[oracle@std ~]$ lsnrctl reload
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:57:15
Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521))) The command completed successfully [oracle@std ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:57:25
Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production Start Date                08-OCT-2014 09:41:41 Uptime                    0 days 3 hr. 15 min. 44 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521)))   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0))) Services Summary... Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "prd" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "prd", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "std" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "std_XPT" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
可以看到，此时备库也多了一个UNKNOWN的，和实例名prd对应的服务prd
--再次查看主库远程归档路径状态 SQL> select dest_id,status,error from v$archive_dest_status;
   DEST_ID STATUS    ERROR ---------- --------- --------------------          1 VALID          2 VALID          3 INACTIVE          4 INACTIVE          5 INACTIVE          6 INACTIVE          7 INACTIVE          8 INACTIVE          9 INACTIVE         10 INACTIVE
原来dest_id=2的那个远程归档路径的ORA-12514的问题解决了，此时归档日志就可以通过网路远程传输到备库相应的归档路径中了，再执行redo apply也不会有任何问题了。
总结：
这个案例是由于主备库都采用了同一个实例名产生的问题，当我们只配置一个默认的动态监听，会发现主库无法监听到远程备库的相应服务，通过静态监听手动添加上与实例名对应的服务，才能解决这个问题。使用静态监听的另一个好处是，当Oracle数据库实例还没有启动的时候，就会先把对应的服务和实例名，通过静态配置的监听文件给启动起来，而不是等启动实例后由pmon进程再去启动，这样速度更快。不用再等待若干秒，我们的客户端就可以通过静态监听立即脸上数据库服务器了，也就是说，可以不依赖服务器进程，完成监听的工作。

监听器配置错误，按照你上面写的，把下面这段代码加入到""<OracleHome>/network/admin/listener.ora" 里面试试：
===========================================
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ORACLE)
(ORACLE_HOME = D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1)
(SID_NAME = ORACLE)
)
)
 

进行连接测试可以通过多种方法,不知道你要的哪种?
监听程序当前无法识别连接描述符中请求的服务一般是你的tnsnames配置的问题。