基于cancel的不完全恢复，cancel恢复
实验：基于cancel的不完全恢复
实验环境查看
lsnrctl status
select open_mode from v$database;
--监听与数据库状态
show parameter recovery;
select flashback_on from v$database;
archive log list;
--闪回与归档的配置
1)准备环境：RMAN全库备份
RMAN> backup as compressed backupset full database;
--压缩备份
--backup full database ;备份集备份
Starting backup at 20-MAR-13
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=45 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20-MAR-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20-MAR-13
piece handle=/u01/app/FRA/ORA11GR2/backupset/2013_03_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130320T151949_8nlrrrfm_.bkp tag=TAG20130320T151949 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:17
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20-MAR-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20-MAR-13
piece handle=/u01/app/FRA/ORA11GR2/backupset/2013_03_20/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20130320T151949_8nlrx2qs_.bkp tag=TAG20130320T151949 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 20-MAR-13
2)创建测试数据
SYS@ORA11GR2>create table scott.t1 as select 1 as id from dual;
Table created.
SYS@ORA11GR2>alter system archive log current;
System altered.
SYS@ORA11GR2>create table scott.t2 as select 2 as id from dual;
Table created.
SYS@ORA11GR2>alter system archive log current;
System altered.
SYS@ORA11GR2>create table scott.t3 as select 3 as id from dual;
Table created.
SYS@ORA11GR2>alter system archive log current;
System altered.
SYS@ORA11GR2>
SYS@ORA11GR2>select table_name,tablespace_name from dba_tables where owner='SCOTT' AND table_name LIKE 'T_';
TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------- ------------------------------
T3 USERS
T2 USERS
T1 USERS
完成测试数据构造后，查看生成的归档日志
ls /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/archivelog/2014_10_08
ls -lrt
3)删除所有数据文件和在线数据文件
在sqlplus里面删除：
SYS@PROD>select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_system_b2251bs1_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_b2251bvo_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_b2251bw5_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_users_b2251byw_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_example_b2257d0c_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/tbs_move_01.dbf
SYS@PROD>select member from v$logfile;
MEMBER
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_b22567o2_.log
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_b2256827_.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_b2255zsg_.log
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_b22560gb_.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_b2255npg_.log
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_b2255nxl_.log
SYS@PROD>!rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/*.dbf;
SYS@PROD>!rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/onlinelog/*.log;
SYS@PROD>!rm /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/onlinelog/*.log;
在OS里面删除：
[oracle@ocmu ORA11GR2]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2
[oracle@ocmu ORA11GR2]$ ls
control01.ctl example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf
control02.ctl redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
[oracle@ocmu ORA11GR2]$ rm *.log
[oracle@ocmu ORA11GR2]$ ls
control01.ctl example01.dbf system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
control02.ctl sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf
[oracle@ocmu ORA11GR2]$
4)数据库启动到mount模式
SYS@ORA11GR2>shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@ORA11GR2>startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 841162752 bytes
Fixed Size 1339768 bytes
Variable Size 532680328 bytes
Database Buffers 301989888 bytes
Redo Buffers 5152768 bytes
Database mounted.
SYS@ORA11GR2>
5)RMAN还原数据库
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 20-MAR-13
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/FRA/ORA11GR2/backupset/2013_03_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130320T151949_8nlrrrfm_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/FRA/ORA11GR2/backupset/2013_03_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130320T151949_8nlrrrfm_.bkp tag=TAG20130320T151949
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:03:26
Finished restore at 20-MAR-13
RMAN>
6)基于cancel恢复
SYS@ORA11GR2>recover database until cancel;
--在sqlplus中完成
ORA-00279: change 883460 generated at 03/20/2013 15:19:50 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/FRA/ORA11GR2/archivelog/2013_03_20/o1_mf_1_8_8nlrzy8w_.arc
ORA-00280: change 883460 for thread 1 is in sequence #8
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
--应用sequence #8为8，名字为o1_mf_1_8_8nlrzy8w_.arc的归档日志文件，直接按回车键
ORA-00279: change 884069 generated at 03/20/2013 15:23:42 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/FRA/ORA11GR2/archivelog/2013_03_20/o1_mf_1_9_8nls091w_.arc
ORA-00280: change 884069 for thread 1 is in sequence #9
ORA-00278: log file
'/u01/app/FRA/ORA11GR2/archivelog/2013_03_20/o1_mf_1_8_8nlrzy8w_.arc' no longer
needed for this recovery
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
--应用sequence #9为9的这个归档日志文件，直接按回车键
ORA-00279: change 884101 generated at 03/20/2013 15:23:53 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/FRA/ORA11GR2/archivelog/2013_03_20/o1_mf_1_10_8nls0os6_.arc
ORA-00280: change 884101 for thread 1 is in sequence #10
ORA-00278: log file
'/u01/app/FRA/ORA11GR2/archivelog/2013_03_20/o1_mf_1_9_8nls091w_.arc' no longer
needed for this recovery
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel
--手动输入cancel结束恢复，不管后面有没有可恢复文件，都会结束；
Media recovery cancelled.
SYS@ORA11GR2>
SYS@ORA11GR2>alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
SYS@ORA11GR2>
7）检查
SYS@ORA11GR2>select table_name,tablespace_name from dba_tables where owner='SCOTT' AND table_name LIKE 'T_';
TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------- ------------------------------
T2 USERS
T1 USERS
SYS@ORA11GR2>
注 应用了两个归档日志，第三个归档日志cancel了，从结果中也可以看到，恢复以后的数据库中，只
存在T1,T2两张表，它们俩的重做日志就在前两个归档中，T3表的所有重做条目都在第三个归档中，
由于采取了cancel，所以，T3表并未恢复
using backup controlfile，表示控制文件是旧的，让oracle不要参考控制文件中的SCN，而是使用日志文件进行恢复，一直到最后一个日志文件为止。until cancel，表示这次恢复是不完全恢复，中间丢了日志。 查看原帖>>
5.1 损坏联机日志的恢复方法
5.1.1 损坏非当前联机日志
大家都清楚，联机日志分为当前联机日志和非当前联机日志，非当前联机日志的损坏是比较简单的，一般通过clear命令就可以解决问题。
1、启动数据库，遇到ORA-00312 or ORA-00313错误，如
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: 'D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\REDO01.LOG'
从这里我们知道日志组1的数据文件损坏了
从报警文件可以看到更详细的信息
2、查看V$log视图
SQL> select group#,sequence#,archived,status from v$log;
GROUP# SEQUENCE# ARCHIVED STATUS
---------- ---------- -------- ----------------
1 1 YES INACTIVE
2 2 YES INACTIVE
3 3 NO CURRENT
可以知道，该组是非当前状态，而且已经归档。
3、用CLEAR命令重建该日志文件
SQL>alter database clear logfile group 1;
如果是该日志组还没有归档，则需要用
SQL>alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1;
4、打开数据库，重新备份数据库
SQL>alter database open;
说明：
1、如果损坏的是非当前的联机日志文件，一般只需要clear就可以重建该日志文件，但是如果该数据库处于归档状态但该日志还没有归档，就需要强行clear。
2、建议clear，特别是强行clear后作一次数据库的全备份。
3、此方法适用于归档与非归档数据库
5.1.2 损坏当前联机日志
归档模式下当前日志的损坏有两种情况，
一、是数据库是正常关闭，日志文件中没有未决的事务需要实例恢复，当前日志组的损坏就可以直接用alter database clear unarchived logfile group n来重建。
二、是日志组中有活动的事务，数据库需要媒体恢复，日志组需要用来同步，有两种补救办法
A. 最好的办法就是通过不完全恢复，可以保证数据库的一致性......余下全文>>