Oracle12cCDB和PDB数据库的启动与关闭说明
在Oracle 12c中,分CDB 和PDB,他们的启动和关闭操作整理如下。
1 Container Database (CDB)
对于CDB,启动和关闭与之前传统的方式一样,具体语法如下:
STARTUP[NOMOUNT | MOUNT | RESTRICT | UPGRADE | FORCE | READ ONLY]
SHUTDOWN[IMMEDIATE | ABORT]
要注意,在12c数据库创建完成后,默认情况下使用sqlplus / as sysdba 登录连接的是CDB。
[oracle@Ora12c~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus:Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Thu Apr 24 17:50:34 2014 Copyright(c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rightsreserved. Connectedto: OracleDatabase 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production Withthe Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options SQL>show con_name CON_NAME ------------------------------ CDB$ROOT SQL> SQL>select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE ---------- ------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------- 2 4088301206 F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA READ WRITE
我们现在连接的是CDB,即root container。
我们关闭CDB:
SQL>shutdown immediate Databaseclosed. Databasedismounted. ORACLEinstance shut down.
我们关闭CDB之前PDB 是没有关闭的,所以这个操作也会把PDB 关闭掉。
SQL>startup ORACLEinstance started. TotalSystem Global Area 1269366784 bytes FixedSize 2287912 bytes VariableSize 788530904 bytes DatabaseBuffers 469762048 bytes RedoBuffers 8785920 bytes Databasemounted. Databaseopened. SQL> select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_modefrom v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE ---------- ------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------- 2 4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA MOUNTED
注意这里的PDB,在CDB 启动之,PDB 是自动启动到mount状态,而不是OPEN。 所以我们还需要手工去open它,当然,也可以通过在CDB中配置触发器来自动open。
2 Pluggable Database (PDB)
PDB 的操作可以通过SQL*PLUS 来操作,也可以通过ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE 命令操作。
2.1 使用SQL*Plus 命令
因为默认连接的是CDB,所以必须先指定PDB才可以通过sqlplus来启动和关闭PDB,
具体语法和普通实例一样:
STARTUPFORCE; STARTUPOPEN READ WRITE [RESTRICT]; STARTUPOPEN READ ONLY [RESTRICT]; STARTUPUPGRADE; SHUTDOWN[IMMEDIATE]; SQL>show con_name CON_NAME ------------------------------ CDB$ROOT SQL>selectcon_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE -------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ---------- 2 4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA MOUNTED 注意这里是mount,表示PDB 是关闭的。 --指定PDB 数据库: SQL>alter session set container=pdbcndba; Sessionaltered. SQL>startup PluggableDatabase opened. SQL>select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE -------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ---------- 3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA READ WRITE SQL>
启动成功。 当我们切换到PDB之后,就看不到seed PDB的信息了。
2.2 使用ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE命令
如果在PDB中可以使用如下语法:
ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ WRITE [RESTRICTED] [FORCE]; ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY [RESTRICTED] [FORCE]; ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN UPGRADE [RESTRICTED]; ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE CLOSE [IMMEDIATE];
如果是在CDB中,可以使用如下语法:
ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> OPEN READ WRITE [RESTRICTED][FORCE]; ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> OPEN READ ONLY [RESTRICTED] [FORCE]; ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> OPEN UPGRADE [RESTRICTED]; ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> CLOSE [IMMEDIATE];
<pdd-name-clause>表示的是多个PDB,如果有多个,用逗号分开。 也可以使用ALL或者ALL EXCEPT关键字来替代。
ALL:表示所有的PDBS。
ALLEXCEPT 表示需要排除的PDBS。
如:
ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1, pdb2 OPEN READ ONLY FORCE; ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1, pdb2 CLOSE IMMEDIATE; ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN; ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL CLOSE IMMEDIATE; ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL EXCEPT pdb1 OPEN; ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL EXCEPT pdb1 CLOSE IMMEDIATE;
示例:
SQL>alter session set container=CDB$ROOT; Sessionaltered. SQL>select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE -------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ---------- 2 4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA READ WRITE SQL>ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL CLOSE ; Pluggabledatabase altered. SQL>select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE -------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ---------- 2 4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787PDBCNDBA MOUNTED SQL>alter session set container=pdbcndba; Sessionaltered. SQL>ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN; Pluggabledatabase altered. SQL> select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_modefrom v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE -------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ---------- 3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787PDBCNDBA READ WRITE
3 设置Pluggable Database (PDB) 的自动startup
默认情况下,在CDB 启动的时候,all 的PDB 都是mount状态,也没有默认的机制,在CDB启动时自动启动PDB。
但这里可以通过触发器来实现PDB的自动open:
CREATEOR REPLACE TRIGGER open_pdbs AFTER STARTUP ON DATABASE BEGIN EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN'; END open_pdbs; /
示例:
SQL>show con_name CON_NAME ------------------------------ PDBCNDBA SQL>alter session set container=CDB$ROOT; Sessionaltered. SQL>CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER open_pdbs 2 AFTER STARTUP ON DATABASE 3 BEGIN 4 EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN'; 5 ENDopen_pdbs; 6 / Triggercreated.