Oracle 11g RAC环境下单实例非缺省监听及端口配置
Oracle 11g RAC环境下单实例非缺省监听及端口配置
如果在Oracle 11g RAC环境下使用dbca创建单实例数据库后，Oracle会自动将其注册到缺省的1521端口及监听器。大多数情况下我们使用的为非缺省监听器以及非缺省的监听端口。而且在Oracle 11g RAC环境中，对于集群监听器的配置由grid用户来接管了。基于这种情形的单实例非缺省监听及端口该如何配置呢？本文给出了解决方案，并且使用了静态及动态两种注册方法。
关于单实例下非缺省监听及端口的配置可以参考下面的文章。实际上参照下列文章依旧可以完成RAC 环境下单实例非缺省监听及端口的配置，但
RAC环境下较之前的单实例环境有些不同，所以记录下了这些个细小的差异。
配置非默认端口的动态服务注册
配置sqlnet.ora限制IP访问Oracle
Oracle 监听器日志配置与管理
设置 Oracle 监听器密码(LISTENER)
配置ORACLE 客户端连接到数据库
1、dbca创建单实例数据库后监听器的情形
[sql]
--环境
[grid@linux1 ~]$ cat /etc/issue
Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux Server release 5.5 (Carthage)
Kernel \r on an \m
[grid@linux1 ~]$ crsctl query crs activeversion
Oracle Clusterware active version on the cluster is [11.2.0.1.0]
--实例cnbo为RAC环境下使用dbca创建，当前处于offline状态
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ crsstat | grep cnbo
ora.cnbo.db database C OFFLINE OFFLINE (linux1) 0 Instance Shutdown
--缺省的listener处于offline状态
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ crsstat | grep Listener | grep OFFLINE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr Listener L OFFLINE OFFLINE (linux1) 0
--启动实例及监听
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ srvctl start database -d cnbo
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ srvctl start listener -l LISTENER
PRCC-1014 : LISTENER was already running
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=cnbo
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> set linesize 190
SQL> show parameter cluster_d --->此实例为RAC环境下的单实例
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
cluster_database boolean FALSE
cluster_database_instances integer 1
--下面的lsnrctl status可以看到实例被注册到1521的默认端口，dbca创建完实例cnbo后并没有为其配置监听
--而实例确确实实的被注册到了缺省的监听器，应该来说这个是dbca是自动添加的
--注：从Oracle 11g RAC开始，集群监听器的配置由grid用户来接管，因此可以在$ORA_CRS_HOME/network/admin/目录下找到对应的listener.ora文件
[grid@linux1 ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2013 12:35:43
.............
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.21)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.31)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cnbo.orasrv.com" has 1 instance(s). --->该服务即是单实例cnbo提供的
Instance "cnbo", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cnboXDB.orasrv.com" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cnbo", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
2、配置非缺省的监听器并实现动态注册
[sql]
--切换到Oracle用户下，并清空其下的listener.ora与tnsnames.ora
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ cat /dev/null>$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ cat /dev/null>$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
--下面通过netca来为其配置监听器及tnsnames.ora
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.7.133:0.0
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ netca
-- Author : Robinson Cheng
-- Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612
-->下面是使用netca配置后的结果，包括listener.ora以及tnsnames.ora
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ more $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
ADR_BASE_LISTENER_CNBO = /u01/app/oracle
LISTENER_CNBO = #--监听器的名字为LISTENER_CNBO，端口为1522
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.7.21)(PORT = 1522))
)
)
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ more $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
CNBO =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.7.21)(PORT = 1522))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = cnbo.orasrv.com)
)
)
--提示没有找到监听器，无法ping通，因为我们配置的监听器并没有启动
--尽管服务在缺省的监听器注册，但无法ping，即此路不通
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ tnsping cnbo
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2013 14:28:47
Copyright (c) 1997, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.7.21)(PORT = 1522)))
(CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = cnbo.orasrv.com)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
--下面我们启动非缺省的监听器
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ lsnrctl start LISTENER_CNBO
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2013 14:29:14
..............
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=linux1.orasrv.com)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER_CNBO
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2013 14:30:20
.............
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=linux1.orasrv.com)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services -->没有任何服务及实例注册到监听器，等N久也不会有实例注册
The command completed successfully -->因为这个是非缺省的，而且我们还没有配置动态注册
--下面我们来设置动态注册
--查看参数local_listener，此时已经被设置了，而且端口是1521，IP用的是虚IP
--这就是为什么实例创建后，会被自动注册到grid用户下缺省监听器的缘故
SQL> show parameter local_lis
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
local_listener string (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(AD
DRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=linu
x1-vip)(PORT=1521))))
--设置动态注册，收到了错误消息
SQL> alter system set local_listener='LISTENER_CNBO';
alter system set local_listener='LISTENER_CNBO'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid
ORA-00119: invalid specification for system parameter LOCAL_LISTENER
ORA-00132: syntax error or unresolved network name 'LISTENER_CNBO'
--对于前面出现的错误，给出两种解决方案，
--一是按照前面local_listener参数值的格式设置新的ip及端口，或者将这个描述信息添加到tnsnames.ora文件中
--下面我们选用了第二种解决方案
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ echo "
> LISTENER_CNBO =
> (ADDRESS_LIST =
> (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.7.21)(PORT = 1522))
> )">>$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
--再次设置参数local_listener
SQL> alter system set local_listener='LISTENER_CNBO';
System altered.
--下面可以看到实例及服务已经自动注册到监听器LISTENER_CNBO
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER_CNBO
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2013 14:35:04
...................
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=linux1.orasrv.com)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "cnbo.orasrv.com" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cnbo", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cnboXDB.orasrv.com" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cnbo", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
--下面查看grid用户下原来的服务cnbo.orasrv.com及实例cnbo也不复存在
[grid@linux1 ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2013 14:37:46
.....
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.21)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.31)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
3、配置非缺省的监听器并实现静态注册
[sql]
--对于非缺省监听器，我们也可以为其配置静态注册方式
--首先我们停止监听器，并清空Oracle用户下的listener.ora与tnsnames.ora
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ lsnrctl stop LISTENER_CNBO
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ cat /dev/null>$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ cat /dev/null>$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
SQL> alter system set local_listener='';
--下面使用netmgr来配置监听器及tnsnames
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.7.133:0.0
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ netmgr
--下面是配置后的结果，此时我们使用了新的端口号1523以及新的监听器名字LISTENER_NEW
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ more $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
# 我们使用netmgr为其添加了数据库服务，即SID_LIST_LISTENER_NEW项，而netca无法完成此项任务
LISTENER_NEW =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = linux1.orasrv.com)(PORT = 1523))
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER_NEW = /u01/app/oracle
SID_LIST_LISTENER_NEW =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = cnbo.orasrv.com)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/db_1)
(SID_NAME = cnbo)
)
)
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ more $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
CNBO =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = linux1.orasrv.com)(PORT = 1523))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = cnbo.orasrv.com)
)
)
--启动新的监听器
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ lsnrctl start LISTENER_NEW
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2013 16:02:14
................
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=linux1.orasrv.com)(PORT=1523)))
Services Summary...
Service "cnbo.orasrv.com" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cnbo", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... --注意状态为UNKNOWN，表明是静态注册
The command completed successfully
--我们看看grid用户缺省监听的状态，此时实例cnbo依旧被注册
[grid@linux1 ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2013 15:55:33
..........
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.21)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.31)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cnbo.orasrv.com" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cnbo", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cnboXDB.orasrv.com" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cnbo", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
--下面检查一下local_listener参数
SQL> show parameter db_name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
db_name string cnbo
SQL> show parameter local_lis -->参数没有做任何设置
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
local_listener string
--从上面的情形来看，尽管没有设置local_listener参数，此时实例依旧被注册到监听
--在此时我们已经可以通过tnsnames连接到数据库，也就是说客户端发起的连接最终还是通过监听器LISTENER_NEW，而不是缺省的监听器
--对于这个情形在非RAC环境的Oracle 10g,11g 可以不用设置local_listener，也不会注册到缺省监听器
--但grid用户下的缺省监听器提供的cnbo服务着实别扭，下面为还是添加监听器信息到tnsnames.ora
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ echo "
> LISTENER_NEW =
> (ADDRESS_LIST =
> (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = linux1.orasrv.com)(PORT = 1523))
> )">>$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
-->设置local_listener
SQL> alter system set local_listener='LISTENER_NEW';
--下面的缺省监听状态下不再看到cnbo实例
[grid@linux1 ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-AUG-2013 16:06:38
.........
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.21)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.31)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
4、后记
a、在Oracle 11g RAC环境下使用dbca创建单实例数据库会自动将实例配置到缺省的监听器以及缺省端口。
b、在Oracle 11g RAC环境下，对于集群监听的配置，需要在grid用户下来完成，这个不同于Oracle 10g RAC。关于10g RAC监听配置可参考尾部链接。
c、注意netca与netmgr在配置监听器时的差异，由上测试可知netca不能为监听添加数据库服务，即SID_LIST_<LISTENER_CNBO>项，而netmgr可以实现。建议使用netmgr。
d、动态服务注册需要配置local_listener参数，要么使用DESCRIPTION等一串描述，要么简化到tnsnames.ora文件之中。
e、对于Oracle 11g RAC环境下单实例的非缺省监听及端口的静态注册，如果不设置local_listener，尽管会注册到指定的监听器，但同时也会注册到缺省监听器。
f、对于上面e点描述的情形，在非RAC环境单实例10g，11g未曾出现过此现象，应该是Oralce尽可能要求使用动态注册。
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