[每日一题] OCP1z0-047 :2013-08-24 FLASHBACK—TABLE/PRIMARY KEY(FOREIGN KEY?)
[每日一题] OCP1z0-047 :2013-08-24 FLASHBACK—TABLE/PRIMARY KEY(FOREIGN KEY?)
正确答案：D
根据题意如下操作：
一、创建表dept
[html]
gyj@OCM> CREATE TABLE DEPT
2 (DEPTNO NUMBER(2,0),
3 DNAME VARCHAR2(14),
4 LOC VARCHAR2(13),
5 CONSTRAINT PK_DEPT PRIMARY KEY (DEPTNO)
6 );
Table created.
二、创建表emp
[html]
gyj@OCM> CREATE TABLE EMP
2 (EMPNO NUMBER(4,0),
3 ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
4 JOB VARCHAR2(9),
5 MGR NUMBER(4,0),
6 HIREDATE DATE,
7 SAL NUMBER(7,2),
8 COMM NUMBER(7,2),
9 DEPTNO NUMBER(2,0),
10 CONSTRAINT PK_EMP PRIMARY KEY (EMPNO),
11 CONSTRAINT FK_DEPTNO FOREIGN KEY (DEPTNO)
12 REFERENCES DEPT (DEPTNO) ENABLE
13 );
Table created.
三、分别向表dept和表emp插入数据
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gyj@OCM> insert into dept values(10,'IT',null);
1 row created.
gyj@OCM> insert into dept values(20,'HR',null);
1 row created.
gyj@OCM> insert into dept(DEPTNO,DNAME) values(10,'IT');
1 row created.
gyj@OCM> insert into dept(DEPTNO,DNAME) values(20,'HR');
1 row created.
gyj@OCM> insert into emp(EMPNO,ENAME,DEPTNO) values(1,'KING',10);
1 row created.
gyj@OCM> insert into emp(EMPNO,ENAME,DEPTNO) values(2,'HARI',20);
1 row created.
gyj@OCM> COMMIT;
Commit complete.
四、查dept和emp的数据及约束。
[html]
gyj@OCM> SELECT deptno,dname FROM dept;
DEPTNO DNAME
---------- --------------
10 IT
20 HR
gyj@OCM> SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,DEPTNO FROM emp;
EMPNO ENAME DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 10
2 HARI 20
gyj@OCM> col CONSTRAINT_NAME for a10
gyj@OCM> col R_CONSTRAINT_NAME for a10
gyj@OCM> col TABLE_NAME for a10
gyj@OCM> col INDEX_NAME for a10
gyj@OCM> select CONSTRAINT_NAME,R_CONSTRAINT_NAME,TABLE_NAME,INDEX_NAME,CONSTRAINT_TYPE,STATUS
2 from user_constraints where table_name
3 in('EMP','DEPT');
CONSTRAINT R_CONSTRAI TABLE_NAME INDEX_NAME C STATUS
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- - --------
PK_DEPT DEPT PK_DEPT P ENABLED
PK_EMP EMP PK_EMP P ENABLED
FK_DEPTNO PK_DEPT EMP R ENABLED
五、删除表emp
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gyj@OCM> drop table emp;
Table dropped.
六、查回收站，可以看出表和索引同时被删除除
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gyj@OCM> select OBJECT_NAME,ORIGINAL_NAME,OPERATION,TYPE ,DROPTIME from recyclebin;
OBJECT_NAME ORIGINAL_N OPERATION TYPE DROPTIME
------------------------------ ---------- --------- ---------- -------------------
BIN$5LNox53pT0PgQ4rZqMD+/Q==$0 PK_EMP DROP INDEX 2013-08-24:22:33:40
BIN$5LNox53qT0PgQ4rZqMD+/Q==$0 EMP DROP TABLE 2013-08-24:22:33:40
七、并且可以查出表emp的外键也被删除了
[html]
gyj@OCM> select CONSTRAINT_NAME,R_CONSTRAINT_NAME,TABLE_NAME,INDEX_NAME,CONSTRAINT_TYPE,STATUS
2 from user_constraints where table_name
3 in('EMP','DEPT');
CONSTRAINT R_CONSTRAI TABLE_NAME INDEX_NAME C STATUS
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- - --------
PK_DEPT DEPT PK_DEPT P ENABLED
八、闪回表emp
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gyj@OCM> flashback table emp to before drop;
Flashback complete.
九、查回收站，已没信息，说明表和唯一索引（主键约束）都被闪回了，但外键没有被闪回（失去了外键的制约），如下操作。
[html]
gyj@OCM> select OBJECT_NAME,ORIGINAL_NAME,OPERATION,TYPE ,DROPTIME from recyclebin;
no rows selected
gyj@OCM> SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,DEPTNO FROM emp;
EMPNO ENAME DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 10
2 HARI 20
gyj@OCM> col index_name for a50
gyj@OCM> select index_name from user_indexes where table_name='EMP';
INDEX_NAME
--------------------------------------------------
BIN$5LNox53pT0PgQ4rZqMD+/Q==$0
gyj@OCM> col CONSTRAINT_NAME for a40
gyj@OCM> col index_name for a40
gyj@OCM> select CONSTRAINT_NAME,R_CONSTRAINT_NAME,TABLE_NAME,INDEX_NAME,CONSTRAINT_TYPE,STATUS
2 from user_constraints where table_name
3 in('EMP','DEPT');
CONSTRAINT_NAME R_CONSTRAI TABLE_NAME INDEX_NAME C STATUS
---------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------- - --------
PK_DEPT DEPT PK_DEPT P ENABLED
BIN$5LNox53oT0PgQ4rZqMD+/Q==$0 EMP BIN$5LNox53pT0PgQ4rZqMD+/Q==$0 P ENABLED
十、插入两条数据，第一次插入报错(emp中已存在empno为2的员工了，empno是主键)，第二次插入成功。
[html]
gyj@OCM> INSERT INTO emp(EMPNO,ENAME,DEPTNO) values(2,'COTT',10);
INSERT INTO emp(EMPNO,ENAME,DEPTNO) values(2,'COTT',10)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (GYJ.BIN$5LNox53oT0PgQ4rZqMD+/Q==$0) violated
gyj@OCM> INSERT INTO emp(EMPNO,ENAME,DEPTNO) values(3,'ING',55);
1 row created.
gyj@OCM> SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,DEPTNO FROM emp;
EMPNO ENAME DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 10
2 HARI 20
3 ING 55
十一、闪回索引和约束的名称还是：BIN$5LNox53pT0PgQ4rZqMD+/Q==$0和BIN$5LNox53oT0PgQ4rZqMD+/Q==$0，最好修改索引和约束，如下操作：
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gyj@OCM> ALTER INDEX "BIN$5LNox53pT0PgQ4rZqMD+/Q==$0" RENAME TO PK_EMP;
Index altered.
gyj@OCM> ALTER TABLE EMP RENAME CONSTRAINT "BIN$5LNox53oT0PgQ4rZqMD+/Q==$0" TO PK_EMP;
Table altered.
gyj@OCM> select CONSTRAINT_NAME,R_CONSTRAINT_NAME,TABLE_NAME,INDEX_NAME,CONSTRAINT_TYPE,STATUS
2 from user_constraints where table_name
3 in('EMP','DEPT');
CONSTRAINT_NAME R_CONSTRAI TABLE_NAME INDEX_NAME C STATUS
---------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------- - --------
PK_DEPT DEPT PK_DEPT P ENABLED
PK_EMP EMP PK_EMP P ENABLED
gyj@OCM> select index_name from user_indexes where table_name='EMP';
INDEX_NAME
----------------------------------------
PK_EMP
呵呵，这样插入记录时报错就能看到正常的约束名称了。
[html]
gyj@OCM> INSERT INTO emp(EMPNO,ENAME,DEPTNO) values(2,'COTT',10);
INSERT INTO emp(EMPNO,ENAME,DEPTNO) values(2,'COTT',10)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (GYJ.PK_EMP) violated
总结：flashback table闪回表的同时也闪回了索引（此索引是建主键约束时产生的唯一索引，即也闪回了主键约束），但没有闪回外键约束。
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