mariadb的yum、二进制、以及编译安装---包含多实体的实现，mariadbyum
yum安装mariadbcentos6
# MariaDB 10.3 CentOS repository list - created 2018-06-05 06:35 UTC
# http://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.3/centos6-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
yum info mariadb
yum install mysql-sever
chkconfig --list mysqld
chkconfig mysqld start
service mysqld start
ss -ntl
3306
rpm -ql /usr/bin/mysql
rpm -qf /usr/bin/mysql
mysql
help
show databases 查看当前所有数据库列表
system 可以执行shell命令
system hostname
\! ls /data
status 系统状态信息
use mysql 指定操作数据库:mysql
quit 退出
centos7
# MariaDB 10.3 CentOS repository list - created 2018-06-05 06:33 UTC
# http://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.3/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
yum install mariadb-server
systemctl start mariadb
ss -utln
3306
pstree -p 单进程多线程
mysql
\s
/var/lib/mysql/mysql.socket
show databases
/var/lib/mysql/ 存放数据库路径
show tables
select * from user\G
drop databases mysql 删数据库
mysql_secure_installation
mysql -uroot -p
centos
mysql -uroot -pcentos -192.168.30.7
promt \u@[\D] \r:\m:\s->
ls /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf
[mysql]
promt \u@[\D] \r:\m:\s
cat /etc/my.cnf
/usr/libexce/mysqld
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-----------------------------------------------------------
通用二进制格式安装mariadb过程
第一步：下载文件
https://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/10.2.15/
mariadb-10.2.15-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
第二步：创建mysql系统账号
useradd -r -d /data/mysqldb -s /sbin/nologin mysql
id mysql
第三步：解压缩文件到默认安装路径
安装包默认路径：configusre --prefix=/usr/local
tar xvf mariadb-10.2.15-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
cd /usr/local
第四步：修改文件权限
cd /usr/local
ln -s mariadb-10.2.15-linux-x86_64/ mysql
ll mysql/
chown -R root:root mysql/
第五步：修改PATH变量，方便mysql目录下的二进制程序执行
ls /usr/local/mysql/bin
echo PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
. /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
echo $PATH
第六步：创建数据库路径
建议：单独用一块硬盘做成逻辑卷存放数据库
echo '- - -' > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan
pvcreate /dev/sdb
vgcreate vg0 /dev/sdb
lvcreate -n lv_mysql -l 100%FREE vg0
lvs
mkfs.xfs /dev/vg0/lvcreate
blkid
mkdir /data/
vim /etc/fstab
r! blkid /dev/vg0/lv_mysql
UUID= /data/ xfs defaults 0 0
mount -a
-----------------------------------------------------------
mkdir /data/mysqldb
chown mysql.mysql /data/mysqldb
chmod 770 /data/mysqldb
第七步：生成系统自带数据相关文件
cd /usr/local/mysql # 切记！必须在此目录下执行
scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysqldb --user=mysql
ll ./support-files/ # 确认相关文件是否生成
第八步：生成mysql配置文件
ll /usr/local/mysql/support-files/
cat /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-samll.cnf
cp /etc/my.cnf{,.bak} # 备份/etc/my.cnf
cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf # 拷贝模板/usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-huge.cnf覆盖/etc/my.cnf
vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqldb]
datadir = /data/mysqldb # 再配置文件/etc/my.cnf中添加此行，指定数据库存放路径
第九步：添加mysql到服务
rpm -ql mysql-server
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig --list
service mysqld start
ss -ntul
3306
第十步：添加安全加固
mysql_secure_installation
service mysqld restart
ss -ntul
3306
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方法三：编译安装MariaDB 10.2.15
第一步：下载文件
mariadb-10.2.15.tar.gz
第二步：安装相关依赖包
yum install bison bison-devel zlib-devel libcurl-devel libarchive-devel boost-devel gcc gcc-c++ cmake ncurses-devel gnutls-devel libxml2-devel openssl-devel libevent-devel libaio-devel
提示：如果出错，执行rm -f CMakeCache.txt
第三步：创建系统用户mysql
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -m -d /data/mysqldb mysql
第四步：解压缩源码包
tar -xvf mariadb-10.2.15.tar.gz
第五步：创建数据库路径
mkdir /data/mysqldb
chown mysql.mysql /data/mysqldb
chmod 770 /data/mysqldb
第六步：cmake编译安装源码
cd mariadb-10.2.15/
编译选项:
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/source-configuration-options.html
-----------------------------------------------------------
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/app/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysqldb/ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_MROONGA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/app/mysql/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
make -j 4 && make install
第七部：准备环境变量
echo "PATH=/app/mysql/bin:$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
. /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
echo $PATH
第八步：生成数据库文件
cd /app/mysql/
scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysqldb --user=mysql --basedir=/app/mysql
setfacl -R -m u:mysql:rwx /app/mysql
第九部：准备配置文件
cp /app/mysql/support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
第十步：准备启动脚本
cp /app/mysql/support-files/mysql-server /etc/init.d/mysqld
第十一步：启动服务
chkconfig --add mysqld
service mysqld start
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MySQL的多实例配置
在一台物理机中需要多个测试环境，那么就需要用到了搭建数据库的多个实例，多个实例的意思就是运行多份程序，实例与实例之间没有影响。要注意监听的端口需要不同。
环境：CentOS7.5，编译安装MariaDB-10.2.15版本，软件安装目录：/app/mysql/
第一步：创建运行的目录环境
mkdir -p /mysqldb/{3306,3307,3308}/{etc,socket,pid,log,data,bin}
chown -R mysql:mysql /mysqldb/
第二步：初始化数据库
cd /app/mysql/
scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mysqldb/3306/data/ --user=mysql --basedir=/app/mysql
scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mysqldb/3307/data/ --user=mysql --basedir=/app/mysql
scripts/mysql-install_db --datadir=/mysqldb/3308/data/ --user=mysql --basedir=/app/mysql
# 以上是编译安装的，安装目录为/app/mysql/，需要先进入软件的安装目录然后执行初始化脚本，如果是yum安装的包，则直接运行mysql_install_db命令即可
第三步：提供配置文件并按需修改
cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /mysqldb/3306/etc/my.cnf
cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /mysqldb/3307/etc/my.cnf
cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /mysqldb/3308/etc/my.cnf
cd /mysqldb
vim 3306/etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
port = 3306
datadir = /mysqldb/3306/data
socket = /mysqldb/3306/socket/mysql.sock
vim 3307/etc/my.cnf # 按以上配置示例更改
vim 3308/etc/my.cnf
第四步：提供服务启动脚本
cat mysqld #脚本示例
#!/bin/bash
port=3306 #需要修改为当前实例的端口号
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd=""
cmd_path="/app/mysql/bin" #安装目录下的bin
mysql_basedir="/mysqldb" #实例数据库文件所在目录
mysql_sock="${mysql_basedir}/${port}/socket/mysql.sock"
function_start_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
${cmd_path}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=${mysql_basedir}/${port}/etc/my.cnf &> /dev/null &
else
printf "MySQL is running...\n"
exit
fi
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
${cmd_path}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S ${mysql_sock} shutdown
fi
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 2
function_start_mysql
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
printf "Usage: ${mysql_basedir}/${port}/bin/mysqld {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac
cp mysqld /mysqldb/3306/bin/
cp mysqld /mysqldb/3307/bin/
cp mysqld /mysqldb/3308/bin/
vim /mysqldb/3306/bin/mysqld
port=3306
vim /mysqldb/3307/bin/mysqld
port=3307
vim /mysqldb/3308/bin/mysqld
port=3308
第五步：修改脚本文件权限，防止密码被别人看见
chmod 700 /mysqldb/3306/bin/mysqld
chmod 700 /mysqldb/3307/bin/mysqld
chmod 700 /mysqldb/3308/bin/mysqld
第六步：启动服务
service mysqld stop #保证自己原来的服务停止，释放3306端口
/mysqldb/3306/bin/mysqld start #启动服务
/mysqldb/3307/bin/mysqld start
/mysqldb/3308/bin/mysqld start
ss -tnl #如果看到三个实例监听的端口都打开后说明服务启动正常
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3307 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3308 :::*
第七步：连接测试
mysql -S /mysqldb/3306/socket/mysql.sock #使用-S指定套接字文件
Server version: 10.2.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%port'; #查看端口是否是3306
+---------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------+-------+
| extra_port | 0 |
| large_files_support | ON. |
| port |.3306. |
| report_port. | 3306 .|+---------------------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql -S /mysqldb/3307/socket/mysql.sock #再连接测试一下3307和3308
Server version: 10.2.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%port';
+---------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value. |
+---------------------+--------+
| extra_port | 0 |
| large_files_support | ON |
| port | 3307 |
| report_port | 3307 |
+---------------------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql -S /mysqldb/3308/socket/mysql.sock
Server version: 10.2.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%port';
+---------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------+-------+
| extra_port | 0.. |
| large_files_support | ON. |
| port | 3308. |
| report_port. | 3308. |
+---------------------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
多实例搭建成功！
第八步：使用这条命令来停止实例
/mysqldb/3306/bin/mysqld stop
最后一步：给root用户加个密码把~
mysql -S /mysqldb/3307/socket/mysql.sock
Server version: 10.2.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution
MariaDB [(none)]> update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD("your_password") where user='root';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+------------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | password |+------+------------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost. | *9E72259BA9214F692A85B240647C4D95B0F2E08B |
| root | centos7 | *9E72259BA9214F692A85B240647C4D95B0F2E08B || root | 127.0.0.1. | *9E72259BA9214F692A85B240647C4D95B0F2E08B |
| root | | *9E72259BA9214F692A85B240647C4D95B0F2E08B |
| | localhosbt | .|| | centos7. | .|
+------+------------+-------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql -S /mysqldb/3307/socket/mysql.sock -uroot -p'your_password' #指定密码，再次登录OK~
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