MySQL 备份--mysqldump，mysql--mysqldump

MySQL 备份--mysqldump，mysql--mysqldump

对MySQL的备份，直接通过mysqldump命令备份成sql格式就行了，最简单的一个命令就是:

mysqldump databasename > bak.sql

生成的bak.sql 内容格式如下：

-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.6.17, for Win64 (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: test
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version	5.6.17

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Table structure for table `tb`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tb`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `tb` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `value` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `tb`
--

LOCK TABLES `tb` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `tb` VALUES (3,'value');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;

--
-- Table structure for table `tb2`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tb2`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `tb2` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `tb2`
--

LOCK TABLES `tb2` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb2` DISABLE KEYS */;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb2` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2015-05-07 16:54:19

上边的命令就已经简单地把名字为数据库 databasename的数据库备份到 bak.sql文件中，如果我们要恢复数据可以简单的使用命令：

source bak.sql

windows 系统下需要把mysqldump.exe路径添加到环境变量PATH中，或者在命令行窗口中进入到mysqldump.exe 目录下，windows下mysqldump.exe的路径大概为：C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\bin\mysqldump.exe；Linux下的就更简单了，直接whereis mysqldump就可以知道mysqldump路径

有些用户上边的命令就无法执行成功，必须使用一下命令：

mysqldump --user=root --password=root test > bak.sql

这是因为系统需要确定备份的用户具有读数据库的权限

mysqldump 有很多操作的选项，可以帮助生成各种功能是备份sql，如恢复数据是是追加，还是清空再增加，等等：

详细使用方法可以参考mysqldump官方文档

备份所有数据库：

 mysqldump --all-databases > dump.sql

备份多个数据库：

mysqldump --databases db1 db2 db3 > dump.sql

下边是自己简单实现的可以在Linux 下通过crontab命令定时备份最新N个数据库的Python脚本

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
#@arthur  
#@date    2015-05-7
#@dsc     远程备份s数据

import os
import sys
import logging
import traceback
import time

logger = logging.getLogger()
logging.basicConfig(
                    format = '%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(module)s.%(funcName)s Line:%(lineno)d\t%(message)s',
                    filename = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), r'backStrategyData.log'),
                    filemode = 'a+',
                    level = logging.NOTSET
                    )

class BackupDatabase():
    '''
    备份数据库
    '''
    def __init__(self, dbIp, dbName, bakFile, user, pwd):
        self.dbIp = dbIp
        self.dbName = dbName
        self.bakFile = bakFile
        self.user =user
        self.pwd = pwd
        
    def __generateCmd(self):
        cmd = 'mysqldump --host %s --user=%s --password=%s %s > %s' \
            % (self.dbIp, self.user, self.pwd, self.dbName, self.bakFile)
        return cmd    
        
    def runBackup(self):
        cmd = self.__generateCmd()
        try:
            os.system(cmd)
        except:
            logger.error(traceback.format_exc())

#数据库ip
__mysqlIp = ''
__bakPath = r'/data/backup/strategydata'
__dbName = 'strategydata'
__user = ''
__pwd = ''
# 备份个数
__bakCount = 5
# 备份文件后缀
__bakSuffix = 'strategydata.sql'

def backStrategyData():
    files = os.listdir(__bakPath)
    bakFiles = []
    for f in files:
        if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(__bakPath, f)) and f.endswith(__bakSuffix):
            bakFiles.append(f)
    bakFiles.sort(reverse=True)
    delFiles = bakFiles[__bakCount - 1:]
    try:
        for f in delFiles:
            df = os.path.join(__bakPath, f)
            logger.info('delete file %s.' % df)
            os.remove(df)
    except:
        logger.error(traceback.format_exc())
    newBakFile = os.path.join(__bakPath, time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S") + __bakSuffix)
    logger.info('backup %s:%s to %s!' % (__mysqlIp, __dbName, newBakFile))
    oBack = BackupDatabase(__mysqlIp, __dbName, newBakFile, __user, __pwd)
    oBack.runBackup()
    
    
def main():
    try:
        backStrategyData()
    except:
        logger.error(traceback.format_exc())
        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()