第 2 章 MongoDB，
目录
- 2.1. Install 安装MongoDB
- 2.1.1. Quickstart
- 2.1.1.1. 二进制tar包安装
- 2.1.1.2. Ubuntu MongoDB
- 2.1.1.3. CentOS MongoDB
- 2.1.1.4. 从官网安装最新版本的 MongoDB 3.4
- 2.1.1.4.1. Server
- 2.1.1.4.2. Client
- 2.1.1.4.3. 工具
- 2.1.1.5. MongoDB + Hadoop
- 2.1.2. Replication
- 2.1.2.1. Master
- 2.1.2.2. Slave
- 2.1.2.3. 测试
- 2.1.3. Drivers
- 2.1.3.1. Using MongoDB in PHP
- 2.2. MongoDB 管理
- 2.2.1. Security and Authentication
- 2.2.1.1. 超级管理员
- 2.2.1.2. 数据库访问用户
- 2.2.1.3. 数据库监控用户
- 2.2.1.4. 删除用户
- 2.2.1.5. 更新角色
- 2.2.2. Unique Indexes
- 2.2.2.1. 索引管理
- 2.2.2.1.1. 唯一索引
- 2.3. 命令工具
- 2.3.1. mongo - MongoDB Shell
- 2.3.1.1. eval
- 2.3.1.2. help
- 2.3.1.3. 登陆认证
- 2.3.2. mongodump - Backup
- 2.3.2.1. 远程备份
- 2.3.2.2. 本地备份
- 2.3.3. mongorestore
- 2.3.3.1. 远程回复
- 2.3.3.2. 本地恢复
- 2.3.3.3. filter
- 2.3.4. mongostat
- 2.3.5. mongotop
- 2.3.6. mongofiles - Browse and modify a GridFS filesystem.
- 2.3.6.1. list 浏览文件
- 2.3.6.2. put 上传文件
- 2.3.6.3. get 下载
- 2.3.6.4. delete 删除
- 2.4. MongoDB Shell
- 2.4.1. show 查看命令
- 2.4.1.1. show dbs
- 2.4.1.2. show collections
- 2.4.1.3. show users
- 2.4.1.4. show profile
- 2.4.2. 切换数据库
- 2.4.3. save
- 2.4.4. insert
- 2.4.5. update
- 2.4.6. remove
- 2.4.6.1. 删除条件使用 _id
- 2.4.7. 删除 collection
- 2.4.8. count()
- 2.4.9. group()
- 2.4.10. find() MongoDB 2.x
- 2.4.11. find() MongoDB 3.x
- 2.4.11.1. Query
- 2.4.11.2. 包含字段
- 2.4.11.3. 排除字段
- 2.4.11.4. sort()
- 2.4.12. 管道操作
- 2.4.13. shutdownServer
- 2.4.14. aggregate
- 2.4.14.1. project
- 2.4.14.1.1. $split
- 2.4.14.1.2. substr
- 2.4.14.2. groupby + sum
- 2.5. Mongo Admin UI
- 2.5.1. RockMongo
- 2.5.2. MongoVUE
- 2.6. Map-Reduce
- 2.6.1. 使用 Map-Reduce 统计Web 服务器 access.log 日志文件
- 2.7. FAQ
- 2.7.1. MongoDB 3.x 启用认证后恢复数据库需指定 collection
- 2.7.2. MongoDB 2.x 早期版本用户管理
http://www.mongodb.org/
2.1. Install 安装MongoDB
2.1.1. Quickstart
2.1.1.1. 二进制tar包安装
Install MongoDB
wget http://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-1.5.5.tgz debian:/srv# tar zxf mongodb-linux-x86_64-1.5.5.tgz debian:/srv# ln -s mongodb-linux-x86_64-1.5.5 mongodb
Create a data directory
By default MongoDB will store data in /data/db, but it won't automatically create that directory. To create it, do:
$ sudo mkdir -p /data/db/ $ sudo chown `id -u` /data/db
You can also tell MongoDB to use a different data directory, with the --dbpath option.
Run and connect to the server
First, start the MongoDB server in one terminal:
$ ./mongodb/bin/mongod
In a separate terminal, start the shell, which will connect to localhost by default:
$ ./mongodb/bin/mongo
> db.foo.save( { a : 1 } )
> db.foo.find()
Congratulations, you've just saved and retrieved your first document with MongoDB!
例 2.1. MongoDB Test
debian:/srv/mongodb/bin# ./mongo
MongoDB shell version: 1.5.5
connecting to: test
[initandlisten] Thu Jul 22 16:42:07 connection accepted from 127.0.0.1:42876 #1
> db.foo.save({a:1})
Thu Jul 22 16:42:23 allocating new datafile /data/db/test.ns, filling with zeroes...
Thu Jul 22 16:42:23 done allocating datafile /data/db/test.ns, size: 16MB, took 0.025 secs
Thu Jul 22 16:42:23 allocating new datafile /data/db/test.0, filling with zeroes...
Thu Jul 22 16:42:23 done allocating datafile /data/db/test.0, size: 64MB, took 0.105 secs
[conn1] Thu Jul 22 16:42:23 building new index on { _id: 1 } for test.foo
[conn1] Thu Jul 22 16:42:23 Buildindex test.foo idxNo:0 { name: "_id_", ns: "test.foo", key: { _id: 1 } }
[conn1] Thu Jul 22 16:42:23 done for 0 records 0secs
[conn1] Thu Jul 22 16:42:23 insert test.foo 136ms
> Thu Jul 22 16:42:23 allocating new datafile /data/db/test.1, filling with zeroes...
Thu Jul 22 16:42:24 done allocating datafile /data/db/test.1, size: 128MB, took 0.228 secs
> db.foo.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4c48046f74050cbf6c9a0ef6"), "a" : 1 }
> use neo
switched to db neo
> db.foo.save({a:1})
Thu Jul 22 16:54:50 allocating new datafile /data/db/neo.ns, filling with zeroes...
Thu Jul 22 16:54:50 done allocating datafile /data/db/neo.ns, size: 16MB, took 0.026 secs
Thu Jul 22 16:54:50 allocating new datafile /data/db/neo.0, filling with zeroes...
Thu Jul 22 16:54:50 done allocating datafile /data/db/neo.0, size: 64MB, took 0.122 secs
[conn1] Thu Jul 22 16:54:50 building new index on { _id: 1 } for neo.foo
[conn1] Thu Jul 22 16:54:50 Buildindex neo.foo idxNo:0 { name: "_id_", ns: "neo.foo", key: { _id: 1 } }
Thu Jul 22 16:54:50 allocating new datafile /data/db/neo.1, filling with zeroes...
[conn1] Thu Jul 22 16:54:50 done for 0 records 0.01secs
[conn1] Thu Jul 22 16:54:50 insert neo.foo 164ms
> Thu Jul 22 16:54:50 done allocating datafile /data/db/neo.1, size: 128MB, took 0.217 secs
> db.foo.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4c48075a74050cbf6c9a0ef7"), "a" : 1 }
>
> db.neo.save({a:1})
[conn1] Thu Jul 22 16:58:32 building new index on { _id: 1 } for neo.neo
[conn1] Thu Jul 22 16:58:32 Buildindex neo.neo idxNo:0 { name: "_id_", ns: "neo.neo", key: { _id: 1 } }
[conn1] Thu Jul 22 16:58:32 done for 0 records 0.024secs
> db.neo.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4c48083874050cbf6c9a0ef8"), "a" : 1 }
Starting Mongo
Running as a Daemon
$ ./mongod --fork --logpath /var/log/mongodb.log --logappend
2.1.1.2. Ubuntu MongoDB
$ sudo apt-get install mongodb-server mongodb-clients
$ /etc/init.d/mongodb
Usage: /etc/init.d/mongodb {start|stop|force-stop|restart|force-reload|status}
2.1.1.3. CentOS MongoDB
CentOS 默认 MongoDB 是 2.6.12
[root@iZ623h9icu8Z ~]# yum info mongodb
Loaded plugins: langpacks
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
Available Packages
Name : mongodb
Arch : x86_64
Version : 2.6.12
Release : 3.el7
Size : 43 M
Repo : epel/x86_64
Summary : High-performance, schema-free document-oriented database
URL : http://www.mongodb.org
License : AGPLv3 and zlib and ASL 2.0
Description : Mongo (from "humongous") is a high-performance, open source, schema-free
: document-oriented database. MongoDB is written in C++ and offers the following
: features:
: * Collection oriented storage: easy storage of object/JSON-style data
: * Dynamic queries
: * Full index support, including on inner objects and embedded arrays
: * Query profiling
: * Replication and fail-over support
: * Efficient storage of binary data including large objects (e.g. photos
: and videos)
: * Auto-sharding for cloud-level scalability (currently in early alpha)
: * Commercial Support Available
:
: A key goal of MongoDB is to bridge the gap between key/value stores (which are
: fast and highly scalable) and traditional RDBMS systems (which are deep in
: functionality).
# yum install mongodb-server # chkconfig mongod on # service mongod start
单独安装客户端
# yum install mongodb
2.1.1.4. 从官网安装最新版本的 MongoDB 3.4
官网的rpm包是如下
[root@netkiller ~]# yum search mongodb | grep "\-org" mongodb-org.x86_64 : MongoDB open source document-oriented database system mongodb-org-mongos.x86_64 : MongoDB sharded cluster query router mongodb-org-server.x86_64 : MongoDB database server mongodb-org-shell.x86_64 : MongoDB shell client mongodb-org-tools.x86_64 : MongoDB tools
#!/bin/sh cat << 'EOF' >> /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb-org-3.4.repo [mongodb-org-3.4] name=MongoDB Repository baseurl=https://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-org/3.4/x86_64/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-3.4.asc EOF
2.1.1.4.1. Server
yum install -y mongodb-org-server
cp /etc/mongod.conf{,.original}
systemctl is-enabled mongod
systemctl start mongod
2.1.1.4.2. Client
yum install -y mongodb-org-shell
[root@netkiller ~]# mongo MongoDB shell version v3.4.0 connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017 MongoDB server version: 3.4.0 Welcome to the MongoDB shell. For interactive help, type "help". For more comprehensive documentation, see http://docs.mongodb.org/ Questions? Try the support group http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user Server has startup warnings: 2016-11-30T11:34:36.493+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] 2016-11-30T11:34:36.560+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2016-11-30T11:34:36.560+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database. 2016-11-30T11:34:36.560+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted. 2016-11-30T11:34:36.560+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2016-11-30T11:34:36.560+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2016-11-30T11:34:36.560+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. 2016-11-30T11:34:36.560+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2016-11-30T11:34:36.560+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2016-11-30T11:34:36.560+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'. 2016-11-30T11:34:36.560+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2016-11-30T11:34:36.560+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] > show dbs admin 0.000GB local 0.000GB > exit bye
2.1.1.4.3. 工具
# yum install mongodb-org-tools # rpm -ql mongodb-org-tools.x86_64 0:3.4.1-1.el7 /usr/bin/bsondump /usr/bin/mongodump /usr/bin/mongoexport /usr/bin/mongofiles /usr/bin/mongoimport /usr/bin/mongooplog /usr/bin/mongoperf /usr/bin/mongorestore /usr/bin/mongostat /usr/bin/mongotop /usr/share/man/man1/bsondump.1 /usr/share/man/man1/mongodump.1 /usr/share/man/man1/mongoexport.1 /usr/share/man/man1/mongofiles.1 /usr/share/man/man1/mongoimport.1 /usr/share/man/man1/mongooplog.1 /usr/share/man/man1/mongoperf.1 /usr/share/man/man1/mongorestore.1 /usr/share/man/man1/mongostat.1 /usr/share/man/man1/mongotop.1
2.1.1.5. MongoDB + Hadoop
Hadoop Connector
http://docs.mongodb.org/ecosystem/tutorial/getting-started-with-hadoop/
git clone https://github.com/mongodb/mongo-hadoop.git git checkout release-1.0
# vim build.sbt hadoopRelease in ThisBuild := "cdh4"
./sbt package
wget --no-check-certificate https://github.com/downloads/mongodb/mongo-java-driver/mongo-2.7.3.jar cp mongo-2.7.3.jar /usr/lib/hadoop/lib/ cp core/target/mongo-hadoop-core_cdh3u3-1.0.0.jar /usr/lib/hadoop/lib/
待续......
2.1.2. Replication
很多教程上面采用手工配置主从复制，我不建议你这样启动，请采用修改/etc/mongod.conf配置文件的方案。
创建主： mongod –port 27017 –dbpath /var/lib/mongodb –master 创建从： mongod –port 27017 –dbpath /var/lib/mongodb –slave –source master_ip_address:27017
2.1.2.1. Master
sed -i "s/#master = true/master = true/" /etc/mongod.conf systemctl restart mongod
2.1.2.2. Slave
sed -i "s/#slave = true/slave = true/" /etc/mongod.conf sed -i "s/#source = arg/source = mongodb.master.example.com/" /etc/mongod.conf systemctl restart mongod
2.1.2.3. 测试
进入 Master
[root@localhost ~]# mongo
MongoDB shell version: 2.6.11
connecting to: test
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
For interactive help, type "help".
For more comprehensive documentation, see
http://docs.mongodb.org/
Questions? Try the support group
http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user
Server has startup warnings:
2015-11-14T15:51:21.215+0800 [initandlisten]
2015-11-14T15:51:21.215+0800 [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Readahead for /var/lib/mongodb is set to 4096KB
2015-11-14T15:51:21.215+0800 [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 256KB (512 sectors) or less
2015-11-14T15:51:21.215+0800 [initandlisten] ** http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/readahead
>
>
> db.foo.save({'name':'neo','address':{'city':'shenzhen','post':518000},'phone':[13113668890,13322993040]})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.foo.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5646e881a11081d5998bf70c"), "name" : "neo", "address" : { "city" : "shenzhen", "post" : 518000 }, "phone" : [ 13113668890, 13322993040 ] }
>
进入 Slave
[root@localhost ~]# mongo
MongoDB shell version: 2.6.11
connecting to: test
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
For interactive help, type "help".
For more comprehensive documentation, see
http://docs.mongodb.org/
Questions? Try the support group
http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user
Server has startup warnings:
2015-11-14T15:51:23.668+0800 [initandlisten]
2015-11-14T15:51:23.668+0800 [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Readahead for /var/lib/mongodb is set to 4096KB
2015-11-14T15:51:23.668+0800 [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 256KB (512 sectors) or less
2015-11-14T15:51:23.668+0800 [initandlisten] ** http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/readahead
> db.foo.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5646e881a11081d5998bf70c"), "name" : "neo", "address" : { "city" : "shenzhen", "post" : 518000 }, "phone" : [ 13113668890, 13322993040 ] }
>
2.1.3. Drivers
2.1.3.1. Using MongoDB in PHP
Installing the PHP Driver
sudo pecl install mongo
Open your php.ini file and add to it:
extension=mongo.so
例 2.2. Using MongoDB in PHP
[root@subversion html]# cat mongo.php
<?php
// connect
$m = new Mongo('192.168.3.9');
// select a database
$db = $m->comedy;
$collection = $db->cartoons;
// add an element
$obj = array( "title" => "Calvin and Hobbes", "author" => "Bill Watterson" );
$collection->insert($obj);
// add another element, with a different "shape"
$obj = array( "title" => "XKCD", "online" => true );
$collection->insert($obj);
// find everything in the collection
$cursor = $collection->find();
// iterate through the results
foreach ($cursor as $obj) {
echo $obj["title"] . "\n";
}
// disconnect
$m->close();
?>
[root@subversion html]# php mongo.php Calvin and Hobbes XKCD [root@subversion html]# php mongo.php Calvin and Hobbes XKCD Calvin and Hobbes XKCD
> use comedy
switched to db comedy
> db.foo.find()
> db.cartoons.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4c481d2b9503c17611000000"), "title" : "Calvin and Hobbes", "author" : "Bill Watterson" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4c481d2b9503c17611010000"), "title" : "XKCD", "online" : true }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4c481d2f9503c17711000000"), "title" : "Calvin and Hobbes", "author" : "Bill Watterson" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4c481d2f9503c17711010000"), "title" : "XKCD", "online" : true }
>
原文出处：Netkiller 系列 手札
本文作者：陈景峯
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